Definition and classification of landslides

2.1.1 Definition
Landslide (Landslide) is a surface slope rock body dependent on its inner weak structural surface (belt). Under the role of natural geology and human activity The main, direct or indirect harms of human safety and ecological environment balance, and the overall movement incident that causes certain losses to society and economic construction.
Tlay occurs in a certain geological environment. The necessary conditions for the beginning are closely related to the geological conditions of the landslide engineering. Some mechanisms are controlled by a certain type of geotechnical combination type, structural type, slope form, and the relationship between the structure of the structural surface and the empty surface. Generally speaking, the landslide mechanism under similar conditions is generally the same, while the landslides under different conditions are different. For specific landslides, whether the overall movement is generated, it is necessary to consider how gravity and other strengths are needed. When some kind of power becomes a slope unstable factor, the landslide will occur. Based on the initial conditions, fundamental reasons and sliding methods of the landslide, it is listed as nine major landslides.
(1) The mechanism of streaming and overwriting: Its specific rock body structure type is a high -angle steep tilt rock group. The root cause is the flow of the slope rock layer. 2) Stress release translation of landslide mechanism: The root cause is the constructive stress release, the appearance is translation;
(3) the vibration collapse landslide mechanism and vibration liquefied flat landslide mechanism: the root cause is vibration (earthquake or artificial vibration) , The appearance is collapse or flat push, that is, most of the sliding body leaves the sliding bed;
(4) The mechanism of losing the landslide of the subtraction: This type of slope is well developed, the bottom is connected to the gravel layer, the slope is connected, and the slope There are broad groundwater supply areas in the upper part. The slope feet are revealed. A large amount of supply of rainwater or the soaring water level of the river section of the river, the groundwater in the reservoir area has fallen rapidly, and other reasons have led to the increase in groundwater gradient to sufficient to cause fine -grained sand soil to occur. Lise and liquefaction, under the action of this type of water and ultimately leading to the occurrence of landslides;
(5) Underground suspension -downward landslide mechanism: The root cause is the role of geomyochemical survey In the case, the appearance is the sliding body suspension -sinking;
(6) high potential energy flying over the landslide mechanism: Landscape potential, fast landslide, far -long, and the lower part of the lower part and the air directly friction and sliding. Layer, plate -shaped, and other extended constructing structures of the rock soil, and tilted in the slope;
(7) The porosity water pressure floating landslide mechanism: the reason is that the pore water pressure rises, the appearance of the appearance, the appearance of the appearance For floating. Due to the obstruction of the groundwater excretion, the pressure water head is higher than the ground in the pipe hole, and the pore hydraulic increases, which reduces the shear strength on the weak surface. Finally, the landslide is slow. Traction type;
(8) Cutting -loading landslide mechanism: the root cause is tortely or loaded, the appearance is traction, promoted;
(9) Giant high -speed long -range landslide mechanism: its layers are horizontal or In the near -horizontal structure, there is a weak layer and a closed water layer or stagnation layer. The fundamental starting condition is precipitation supplies. The root cause is that groundwater sealing, sliding body motor gasification and gas cushion effects. Finally, it ended with the energy of the slope body with a high -speed remote exercise. Its sliding speed is extremely fast. It can complete its effect in a few minutes to ten minutes.
2.1.2 Category
(1) It is divided into: sticky soil slippery slopes, loess landslides, filling of the soil, stacked soil sliding slopes, crushed rock landslides and rock landslides.
(2) The relationship between the sliding surface and the level is divided into: smooth landslide, cutting layer of landslides and laminarless (homogeneous) landslides.
(3) The cause of the main slide surface of the slide is divided into: stacked surface landslides, layers of landslides, constructing facial landslides, and landslides of the same noodles.
(4) The era of landslides is divided into: today's landslides, new landslides, old (early) landslides, ancient landslides, and base skids (Table 2-1).
The Table 2-1 Landscape formation Classification Form
(5) The main induction factors of the landslide are divided into: reservoir water storage-induced landslides, earthquake-induced landslides, heavy rain-induced landslides, human activity types Landscape and induced factor -induced landslides.
(6) The type of landslides is divided into: single landslides, landslides.
(7) Divided into: traction landslides, pushing down landslides, transparent landslides and mixed landslides.
(8) The thickness of the slope is divided into: thick landslide (> 30m), middle layer of landslides (10-30m) and thin layer of landslides (u003C10m) landslides. Or: deep landslides (> 30m), middle landslides (10-30m) and shallow (u003C10m) landslides.
(9) The volume of the slope is divided into: giant landslide (＞ 1000 × 104m3), large landslide (1000 × 104 ～ 100 × 104m3), medium landslide (100 × 104 ～ 30 × 104m3), and small landslides (u003C30 × 104m3).
(10) is divided into: rotating landslides and migraine landslides.
(11) Press the history of slide: the first landslide and re -landslide.
(12) The international is relatively common in the classification scheme (Table 2-2) proposed by D.J.Varnes (1978).
Table 2-2 Slope Moving Classification Amendment Simplified table